Mithrene and metal–organic chalcogenolates

AgSePh; the wider family MSeR and MSR (M = Ag, Cu)

Also called AgSePh, mithrene, silver benzeneselenolate, MOCHAs

van der Waals crystal semiconductor

A layered semiconductor that assembles itself out of solution. In mithrene, silver–selenium sheets alternate with phenyl rings, so the inorganic layer is a quantum well and the organic layer is the barrier, all in one crystal that grows at the interface between two liquids. The result emits a narrow blue line at room temperature – rare among 2D materials, where most bright emitters are in the red or infrared – and the chemistry is tunable: change the ligand or the metal and the family changes with it.

Key properties

  • Self-assembles at a liquid–liquid interface, with silver-ion concentration the parameter that decides crystal quality
  • Narrow, robust blue photoluminescence at room temperature from strongly bound excitons in the silver–selenium layer
  • The organic ligands act as built-in barriers, so the inorganic sheet behaves like a quantum well without any heterostructure fabrication
  • Chemically tunable: swapping the chalcogen, the metal or the organic group shifts the emission and the structure
  • The wider family is being explored for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis as well as light emission

How it is made

  • Interfacial self-assembly at a toluene–water boundary, where silver ions meet the selenolate precursor
  • Microwave-assisted and hot-injection syntheses for powders and nanocrystals
  • Conversion of thin silver films into mithrene films for device-scale samples

Uses, and how close they are

  • Blue light emitters and 2D optoelectronicslab
  • Photocatalysis and electrocatalysislab
  • Scintillators and radiation-hard optical materialslab

Readiness runs lab → prototype → pilot → deployed.

Open problems

  1. Can films be grown with the uniformity and area that light-emitting devices need, rather than as crystals at an interface?
  2. What limits the emission linewidth and quantum yield – ligand disorder, silver vacancies, or exciton–phonon coupling?
  3. How far can the chemistry be pushed: which ligand and metal combinations give stable layers with a designed emission colour?
  4. Does the inorganic layer behave as a genuine two-dimensional semiconductor when isolated to a single sheet?

Going deeper

Short notes for specialists. Choose a lens in the header and yours comes first.

For theoreticians · your lens

A hybrid quantum well that needs both solid-state and molecular thinking: the inorganic silver–selenium sheet carries the band structure, the organic layer sets the dielectric environment, and the exciton binding energy follows from the contrast between them. Because the barrier is a molecular layer rather than a wide-gap crystal, screening is weak and excitons are tightly bound, and any calculation has to handle the ligand conformations and the soft, anharmonic lattice they form.

For experimentalists · your lens

Growth conditions are the experiment: at a liquid–liquid interface, concentration, temperature and time determine crystal size and quality, so report them. For optics, distinguish the intrinsic narrow emission from defect and surface emission by measuring temperature dependence and excitation power. Keep thermal budgets low during processing – the organic layer decomposes long before an inorganic semiconductor would.

For engineers · your lens

Interesting as a solution-processed blue emitter with a narrow line, made from cheap elements without rare-earth or cadmium chemistry. The obstacles are film uniformity, contact chemistry and the thermal ceiling set by the ligands.

Recent news

The newest items tagged Mithrene (AgSePh), from the news feed updated 5 Oct 2026.

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Ultraviolet Exciton-Polaritons in Silver Phenylthiolate

Ultraviolet (UV) exciton-polaritons (EPs) enable nonlinear optics, polaritonic lasing, and polariton-mediated photochemistry in the short-wavelength regime, yet progress has been limited due to the scarcity of materials that combine large oscillator strength with stable and narrow UV excitons. Here, we demonstrate UV…

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Engineering in-plane anisotropy in 2D materials via surface-bound ligands

2D materials exhibiting in-plane anisotropy enable novel functionality in electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic devices, yet their availability is generally limited to naturally-occurring low-symmetry van der Waals compounds. Here, we demonstrate an approach to structural engineering in a family of blue-emitting 2D…

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Wafer-scale Synthesis of Mithrene and its Application in 2D Heterostructure UV Photodetectors

Silver phenylselenide (AgSePh), known as mithrene, is a two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic chalcogenide (MOC) semiconductor with a wide direct band gap, narrow blue emission and in-plane anisotropy. However, its application in next-generation optoelectronics is limited by crystal size and orientation, as well as…

EngineeringExperimentGrapheneMithrene (AgSePh)

All 5 items tagged Mithrene (AgSePh) in the news feed  ·  RSS feed for Mithrene (AgSePh)

Key references

  1. Mithrene is a self-assembling robustly blue luminescent metal–organic chalcogenolate assembly for 2D optoelectronic applicationsSchriber et al. · ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, 3498 (2018)cited by 64doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b00662
  2. Tarnishing silver metal into mithreneTrang et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 13892 (2018)cited by 71doi:10.1021/jacs.8b08878
  3. Size and quality enhancement of 2D semiconducting metal–organic chalcogenolates by amine additionParitmongkol et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 20256 (2021)cited by 60doi:10.1021/jacs.1c09106
  4. Microwave-assisted synthesis of metal-organic chalcogenolate assemblies as electrocatalysts for syngas productionRabl et al. · Communications Chemistry 6, 43 (2023)cited by 35doi:10.1038/s42004-023-00843-3