Rhenium disulfide and diselenide

ReS₂, ReSe₂

Also called ReS₂, ReSe₂

van der Waals crystal semiconductor

Unusual among layered semiconductors because thinning it hardly changes anything: its layers are already electronically decoupled from each other in the bulk crystal. Its distorted structure also makes it strongly direction-dependent, conducting and absorbing light differently along different directions in the plane.

Crystal structure

  • Se
  • Re
Cell
Oblique, a = 6.61 Å, b = 6.72 Å, γ = 118.93°
Atoms per cell
12
Re–Se bonds
2.35–2.67 Å
Re–Re bonds
2.65–3.08 Å
Height
3.55 Å between the outer atom centres
A distorted version of the 1T structure: instead of sitting on a regular triangular lattice, the rhenium atoms pull together into diamond-shaped groups of four, and the diamonds link into chains running through the layer in one direction. The chains make the layer’s electrical and optical properties depend strongly on direction. ReS2 has the same structure. One layer of bulk ReSe2 (Alcock and Kjekshus, Acta Chemica Scandinavica 19, 79, 1965; COD 1539529): triclinic, in-plane cell 6.61 × 6.72 Å.

Key properties

  • Weak interlayer coupling: band gap and Raman spectrum change little between bulk and monolayer
  • In-plane anisotropy of mobility, optical absorption and photoluminescence, tied to the direction of the Re chains
  • Room-temperature electron mobility typically tens of cm2/(V·s) along the chains
  • Eighteen Raman-active modes, which together fingerprint orientation and stacking

How it is made

  • Vapour-transport growth of bulk crystals
  • CVD from rhenium oxides or ammonium perrhenate with sulfur, at comparatively low temperatures
  • Mechanical exfoliation

Uses, and how close they are

  • Polarisation-sensitive photodetectorslab
  • Anisotropic transistors and logiclab

Readiness runs lab → prototype → pilot → deployed.

Open problems

  1. Why is interlayer coupling so weak, and is it really as weak as early experiments suggested?
  2. Is the monolayer gap direct or indirect? Reports conflict.
  3. Does rhenium’s scarcity rule out anything beyond niche optoelectronics?

Going deeper

Short notes for specialists. Choose a lens in the header and yours comes first.

For theoreticians · your lens

The low-symmetry triclinic cell and Re–Re bonding make computed band structures sensitive to stacking and to the k-path chosen, which is why direct/indirect assignments differ between studies. Anisotropic excitons need BSE calculations with the full in-plane dielectric tensor.

For experimentalists · your lens

Find the b-axis (Re chains) by polarised Raman or from cleaved edges, which tend to run along the chains. The many Raman modes make orientation mapping straightforward once referenced.

For engineers · your lens

Rhenium is among the rarest elements in Earth’s crust and is costly, which limits use to niche optoelectronic components.

In the research tracks

Recent news

The newest items tagged ReS2, ReSe2, from the news feed updated 5 Oct 2026.

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Ultralow-Tensile Strain Enables Exciton Funneling and Energy Transfer to Boost MoSe2 Photoluminescence Quantum Yield

Strain engineering is a powerful route for controlling the exciton dynamics in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (HSs). The interlayer energy transfer (ET) process is another key factor in controlling the photocarrier relaxation pathways in vdW HSs. In this work, we combine these two processes to achieve an 8-fold…

Journal 2D Materials (IOP)

Robust sliding-induced electrostatic domain patterns in exfoliated ReS2 flakes

Interlayer sliding in low-symmetry van der Waals materials has emerged as a mechanism to generate out-of-plane electric polarization without conventional ionic displacements, yet its experimental manifestation in realistic multilayer flakes remains difficult to identify unambiguously. Here, we provide evidence that…

ExperimentReS₂, ReSe₂
Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Isolating Exciton Dissociation Pathways in ReSe2

Strongly bound excitons dominate the optical response in many van der Waals semiconductors, yet distinguishing between the different microscopic processes governing exciton dissociation remains challenging. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), we independently track exciton and…

ExperimentReS₂, ReSe₂
Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Forster energy transfer boosts indirect anisotropic interlayer excitons in 2L-MoSe2/perovskite heterostructures

Interlayer excitons (IXs) in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures have attracted considerable attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Owing to the spatially indirect nature, the radiative emission efficiency highly sensitive to interlayer twist angles. Further considering that…

All 7 items tagged ReS₂, ReSe₂ in the news feed  ·  RSS feed for ReS₂, ReSe₂

Key references

  1. Monolayer behaviour in bulk ReS2 due to electronic and vibrational decouplingTongay et al. · Nature Communications 5, 3252 (2014)cited by 1,145doi:10.1038/ncomms4252
  2. Integrated digital inverters based on two-dimensional anisotropic ReS2 field-effect transistorsLiu et al. · Nature Communications 6, 6991 (2015)cited by 641doi:10.1038/ncomms7991
  3. In-plane anisotropy in mono- and few-layer ReS2 probed by Raman spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopyChenet et al. · Nano Letters 15, 5667 (2015)cited by 516doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00910
  4. Chemical vapor deposition of monolayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2)Keyshar et al. · Advanced Materials 27, 4640 (2015)cited by 232doi:10.1002/adma.201501795
  5. Direct observation of the band gap transition in atomically thin ReS2Gehlmann et al. · Nano Letters 17, 5187 (2017)cited by 83doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00627