Molybdenum diselenide

MoSe₂
van der Waals crystal semiconductor

A near-infrared cousin of MoS2 with unusually clean optical properties: cooled and protected between boron nitride layers, its excitons produce some of the narrowest emission lines of any 2D semiconductor. That makes it a favourite for studying how light and electrons interact in two dimensions, and a common building block in moiré heterostructures.

Crystal structure

  • Mo
  • Se
Cell
Hexagonal, a = 3.29 Å
Atoms per cell
3
Mo–Se bond
2.53 Å
Height
3.34 Å between the outer atom centres
Trigonal prismatic like MoS2, but selenium is the larger atom, so the cell is about 4% wider and the layer thicker. The monolayer’s optical gap drops to about 1.55 eV, against about 1.85 eV for MoS2. Geometry of bulk 2H-MoSe2: a = 3.29 Å, selenium planes 1.67 Å above and below the Mo plane.

Key properties

  • Monolayer A exciton at ~1.57 eV (~790 nm) at room temperature
  • Quasiparticle gap 2.18 eV and exciton binding energy ~0.55 eV measured by STS on bilayer graphene
  • Bright exciton ground state – unlike the tungsten compounds – giving strong low-temperature emission
  • Exciton linewidths of a few meV, approaching the radiative limit, in hBN-encapsulated samples at cryogenic temperatures

How it is made

  • CVD from MoO3 and selenium with hydrogen as a reducing agent
  • MBE on graphene or graphite – clean films for spectroscopy
  • Mechanical exfoliation of vapour-transport-grown crystals
  • MOCVD with selenium precursors

Uses, and how close they are

  • Excitonic, polaritonic and valleytronic research deviceslab
  • Near-infrared photodetectorslab
  • Hydrogen evolution catalysislab

Readiness runs lab → prototype → pilot → deployed.

Open problems

  1. How do excitons dress into Fermi polarons as carriers are added, and what does this reveal about many-body interactions in two dimensions?
  2. Can MoSe2-based moiré heterostructures host controllable arrays of quantum emitters?
  3. What limits exciton coherence in the cleanest available samples?

Going deeper

Short notes for specialists. Choose a lens in the header and yours comes first.

For theoreticians · your lens

A clean system for exciton–electron many-body physics: in doped samples the Fermi-polaron picture has largely replaced simple trion models. The bright lowest exciton follows from band ordering, but the small conduction-band spin splitting (~20 meV) still needs SOC. Include substrate screening explicitly – quasiparticle gaps shift by hundreds of meV between vacuum, hBN and graphene.

For experimentalists · your lens

Raman A′1 near 241 cm−1 and E′ near 287 cm−1; the interlayer B12g mode near 353 cm−1 is absent in monolayers and appears from bilayers onwards – a convenient thickness check. Encapsulate in hBN to reach narrow excitonic lines.

For engineers · your lens

Mainly a research material. Selenium precursors complicate MOCVD safety (H2Se is highly toxic), and MoSe2 offers no clear transistor advantage over MoS2 or WSe2.

In the research tracks

Recent news

The newest items tagged MoSe2, from the news feed updated 5 Oct 2026.

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Engineering photonic crystal slab modes for strong exciton-photon coupling and polariton dispersion control

We numerically study exciton-photon coupling in a hybrid structure composed of a period-doubled Si3N4 photonic crystal slab and an hBN-encapsulated MoSe2 monolayer. Period doubling folds quasi-guided modes into the light cone and produces spectrally separated photonic branches whose radiative character is controlled by…

ExperimentMoSe₂hBN
Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy of exciton Rydberg states in a magnetic van der Waals heterostructure

Excitonic states in two-dimensional semiconductors are sensitive to time-reversal symmetry breaking, yet how interfacial exchange acts on higher-lying exciton Rydberg states remains largely unexplored. Here we show that wavelength-resolved magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy of a proximity-coupled MoSe2/Fe3GaTe2 van der…

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Engineering nonlinear spin-orbit torque driven by intra-band transport in MoSe2/CrI3 and WSe2/CrI3 van der Waals heterostructures

The role of nonlinear carrier dynamics in current-driven spin phenomena remains poorly understood in van der Waals magnetic heterostructures. Here, we investigate the spin polarization and the resulting spin-orbit torque (SOT) in transition-metal dichalcogenide/chromium iodide (TMDC/CrI3) heterostructures, focusing on…

All 31 items tagged MoSe₂ in the news feed  ·  RSS feed for MoSe₂

Key references

  1. Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductorRoss et al. · Nature Communications 4, 1474 (2013)cited by 1,599doi:10.1038/ncomms2498
  2. Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductorUgeda et al. · Nature Materials 13, 1091 (2014)cited by 1,870doi:10.1038/nmat4061
  3. Fermi polaron-polaritons in charge-tunable atomically thin semiconductorsSidler et al. · Nature Physics 13, 255 (2017)cited by 605doi:10.1038/nphys3949
  4. Approaching the intrinsic photoluminescence linewidth in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayersAjayi et al. · 2D Materials 4, 031011 (2017)cited by 336doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa6aa1