Chromium germanium telluride

Cr₂Ge₂Te₆; silicon analogue Cr₂Si₂Te₆

Also called CGT, CrSiTe₃

van der Waals crystal magnet

The other material in the 2017 discovery of 2D magnetism. Unlike chromium triiodide it behaves like a soft, nearly direction-independent magnet, so its ordering temperature collapses as layers are removed – a clean demonstration that magnetic anisotropy is what keeps 2D magnets magnetic. It is also a magnetic semiconductor that is somewhat easier to handle than CrI3.

Crystal structure

  • Te
  • Ge
  • Cr
Cell
Hexagonal, a = 6.81 Å
Atoms per cell
10
Cr–Te bonds
2.76 and 2.81 Å
Ge–Te bond
2.54 Å
Ge–Ge bond
2.41 Å
Height
3.48 Å between the outer atom centres
Chromium atoms form a honeycomb, and a pair of germanium atoms bonded to each other fills the centre of every hexagon, standing across the layer like a dumbbell. Tellurium closes the layer above and below, putting each chromium in an octahedron. Weak magnetic anisotropy means the ferromagnetic order fades as the crystal is thinned, rather than surviving to a single layer as it does in CrI3. One layer of bulk Cr2Ge2Te6 (Carteaux and colleagues, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 7, 69, 1995; COD 1543733): a = 6.81 Å, Ge–Ge 2.41 Å.

Key properties

  • Bulk Curie temperature ~61–68 K; ordering in bilayers near ~30 K requires a small stabilising magnetic field
  • Weak out-of-plane anisotropy – close to a 2D Heisenberg magnet
  • Magnetic semiconductor used to induce magnetism in neighbouring topological insulators
  • Heavy electrostatic doping has been reported to strengthen its magnetic order substantially
  • Easy-axis anisotropy of about 48 kJ m−3 (0.48 × 106 erg cm−3) from ferromagnetic resonance; electron spin resonance shows two-dimensional spin correlations building up just above the Curie temperature
  • The effective anisotropy itself changes with temperature, a plausible explanation for the odd low-field magnetisation in the hard plane that it shares with CrI3, CrBr3 and Cr2Si2Te6
  • Hydrostatic pressure up to 3.4 GPa weakens the ferromagnetism and shrinks the anisotropy, but up to 2.4 GPa the anisotropy stays easy-axis

How it is made

  • Self-flux growth of bulk crystals with excess tellurium
  • Mechanical exfoliation, with encapsulation for thin flakes
  • MBE thin films on topological insulators and other substrates

Uses, and how close they are

  • Magnetic semiconductor spintronic deviceslab
  • Proximity magnetism for topological insulator heterostructureslab

Readiness runs lab → prototype → pilot → deployed.

Open problems

  1. Can doping or interface engineering raise its Curie temperature while keeping it semiconducting?
  2. How exactly does its weak anisotropy sustain order in the thinnest layers at finite temperature?
  3. Can strain or pressure flip the anisotropy from easy-axis to easy-plane before the ferromagnetism itself is lost?

Going deeper

Short notes for specialists. Choose a lens in the header and yours comes first.

For theoreticians · your lens

A near-Heisenberg honeycomb ferromagnet whose thickness-dependent Curie temperature is the textbook case for renormalised spin-wave or Monte Carlo treatments with a small anisotropy gap. Exchange parameters are sensitive to Te p–Cr d hybridisation and to the choice of U. DFT reproduces the measured anisotropy only for a particular U, and places almost fully spin-polarised, quasi-two-dimensional states at the bottom of the conduction band.

For experimentalists · your lens

Use Kerr microscopy with a small out-of-plane bias field to observe order in few-layer flakes; anomalous Hall measurements in heterostructures give a complementary signature. Flux-grown crystals typically contain fewer defects than vapour-transport ones.

For engineers · your lens

A research magnetic semiconductor; with ordering below ~65 K, any spintronic use would be cryogenic.

In the research tracks

Recent news

The newest items tagged Cr2Ge2Te6, from the news feed updated 5 Oct 2026.

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Probing of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking

Solid-state harmonic generation provides a nonlinear probe of symmetries encoded in electronic wave functions. In the subgap and weak-injection regime, time reversal pairs the harmonic responses driven by fields of opposite ellipticity, strongly suppressing elliptical dichroism in time-reversal-symmetric crystals. We…

Preprintnot yet peer reviewed arXiv

A substrate booster for P-type 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor

Spin transistors with its both charge and spin properties tuned via electrostatic gating are believed capable for widespread use, which however have proven challenging due to the extreme rareness of their physical base -- magnetic semiconductors. The latter are limited within very few systems including diluted magnetic…

EngineeringExperimentTheoryCr₂Ge₂Te₆NbOI₂, CrOCl, TiOCl

All 7 items tagged Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ in the news feed  ·  RSS feed for Cr₂Ge₂Te₆

Key references

  1. Crystallographic, magnetic and electronic structures of a new layered ferromagnetic compound Cr2Ge2Te6Carteaux et al. · Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 7, 69 (1995)cited by 317doi:10.1088/0953-8984/7/1/008
  2. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystalsGong et al. · Nature 546, 265 (2017)cited by 5,100doi:10.1038/nature22060
  3. Large anomalous Hall effect in topological insulators with proximitized ferromagnetic insulatorsMogi et al. · Physical Review Letters 123, 016804 (2019)cited by 110doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.016804
  4. Controlling the magnetic anisotropy in Cr2Ge2Te6 by electrostatic gatingVerzhbitskiy et al. · Nature Electronics 3, 460 (2020)cited by 278doi:10.1038/s41928-020-0427-7
  5. Magnetic anisotropy and spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas in the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6Zeisner et al. · Physical Review B 99, 165109 (2019)cited by 82doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.165109
  6. Magnetic anisotropy and low-field magnetic phase diagram of the quasi-two-dimensional ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6Selter et al. · Physical Review B 101, 014440 (2020)cited by 43doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.101.014440
  7. Pressure control of the magnetic anisotropy of the quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6Sakurai et al. · Physical Review B 103, 024404 (2021)cited by 30doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.024404